Mixed Solvent in CO2 Capture Technology

Mixed Solvent in CO2 Capture Technology Research Proposal Development of mixed solvent in CO2 capture technology with chemical absorption Xingye Fan Objectives: This project mainly aims at developing mixed solvent in chemical absorption to achieve goals of increasing mass transfer rate, CO2 loading capacity, and reduce processing cost. 1.1 Short term objectives: During the first five years, this project tends to test different mixed solvents to compare their property and performance in laboratory-scale. Mixed solvents with different components will be tested by a designed experiment in the laboratory. Advanced engineering process simulation will be performed by using Aspen plus software. By analyzing experiment and simulation data, the most suitable solvent for chemical absorption can be achieved. 1.2 Long term objectives: If the solvent with promising property is obtained and the project continues beyond five years, performance of novel absorbent for CO2 capture can be tested in pilot-scale. If the application of the novel solvent in pilot-scale is proved to be feasible, this absorbent can be tried to be commercialized. 2 Literature review: Chemical absorption processes are widely used to separate CO2 in coal fired power plants and chemical industries. Chemical absorption process is built on the reaction between the CO2 and chemical solvent. A typical chemical absorption process involves an absorber and a stripper. In this process, the flue gas which contains CO2 enters an absorber from the bottom and contacts with a CO2-lean absorbent counter-currently, after absorption, the CO2-rich absorbent flows to a thermally regenerator. In this method absorber and regenerator are working continuously. After regeneration, the CO2-lean stream is sent back to recycle for further use. The pure CO2 released from the regenerator is compressed and forwarded to storage or transportation. Due to the maturity of chemical absorption technology, it has been commercialized for a long time. Chemical absorption CO2 capture technologies are best utilized in post combustion because of its applicability for low CO2 concentration in the inlet gas stream. Chemical absorption is also considered as an efficient technique due to its low energy cost. By using individual type of solvent the absorption process has several drawbacks such as, the degradation of solvent, solvent regeneration efficiency, corrosion etc. which impact the efficiency of CO2 separation. To address the above problems, so much research has been conducted to improve solvent, modify gas-liquid contact device and prevent solvent degradation. Currently, to reduce the regeneration energy and further curtail the cost of absorption process, the operation of stripper is improved. Evidence shows that the operation of higher stripper pressure and alkanolamines concentration can be adopted to reduce energy consumption in regeneration. Volume of conventional absorption apparatus such as a packed bed, spray column, and a bubble column, is generally quite large. Therefore, small sizes of absorber and stripper with a lower equipment cost are expected. A rotating packed bed (RPB) was proposed which can also increase mass transfer rate between gas and absorbent. CO2 capture technology with chemical absorption strongly depends on the performance of a liquid solvent. Thus, selecting a suitable solvent is the most effective method to improve the efficiency of this technique. So far, many researchers have focused on developing novel mixed solvents. Cullinane and Rochelle (2004) raised CO2 reaction rate by using potassium carbonate and amines with piperazine as a promoter. Rodrigo and Chakib (2010) improved the reaction rate by adding small amount of monoethanolamine or methyldiethanolamine into ammonia. Jeong Ho Choi and Seong Geun Oh (2012) increased CO2 reaction rate and CO2 loading capacity by mixed liquid solvent with 2-methylpiperidine as a promoter. Although so much research regarding to mixed solvent has been carried out, development of mixed solvents is still an essential research direction to improve absorption technology. 3 Method and proposed approach: In order to measure the mass transfer rate of CO2 by using different solvents, we need to utilize a wetted wall column. Vapor-liquid equilibrium method is also used to evaluate the CO2 loading capacity. In addition, a simulation of the CO2 capture system can be developed by Aspen Plus software. Work plan 1: measure mass transfer rate of CO2 with different mixed solvents (years 1-3) In order to find a suitable combination of solvents, different kinds of absorbent mixture should be involved in the experiments. As the mass transfer rate of CO2 is a core parameter to determine property of absorbents, graduate students will carry out a wetted wall column experiment to measure CO2 mass transfer rate by using different mixed solvents. Solvents selection is of great significance. Various solvents are suitable for CO2 absorption such as monoethanolamine, diethylaniline, and methyldiethanolamine, K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaOH, NH3, Adenosine monophosphate. Alkanolamines are common absorbents for CO2 capture, and amines with different structure have various properties. Traditionally, alkanolamines can be classified into; primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Among these three categories, the primary amines, for example monoethanolamine are considered the best solvent for flue gas cleaning because of the low partial pressure of CO2 in the flue gas. Monoethanolamine is a suitable solvent at low partial pressures of CO2 in the gas stream since it reacts quickly, and the cost of the raw materials is lower than secondary and tertiary amines. However, the operating cost of chemical absorption processes with monoethanolamine is high due to high energy cost in regenerating and operational problems such as corrosion, solvent loss, and solvent degradation. In addition, loading capacity of monoethanolamine can only be up to about 0.5mol of CO2/mol of monoethanolamine because of the formation of stable carbamates. Loading capacity of Tertiary alkanolamines such as methyldiethanolamine can reach 1mol of CO2/mol alkanolamine, and the energy consumption for regeneration is lower. However, the rates of CO2 absorption are low which make them not feasible for CO2 capture. A wide variety of alkanolamines that have proven to be commercially suitable for acid gas removal by chemical absorption are monoethanolamine, diethylaniline, methyldiethanolamine, and diglycolamine. The r eaction of CO2 with primary and secondary alkanolamines to produce carbamates increases the CO2 interfacial mass transfer rate dramatically compared to the mass transfer rate without the chemical reactions and under the same driving force. However, because carbamate formation leads to the requirement of large amount of heat, the regeneration energy is significantly high. On the other hand, the slower reaction of tertiary amines with CO2 produces only bicarbonate and carbonate with a lower heat of reaction. Nevertheless, reaction with tertiary amines cannot raise the interfacial mass transfer rate to an ideal extent. Diglycolamine is also a primary amine that can be used at 50–70 wt% amines, leading to greatly lower circulation rates and energy requirements. The reactivity of diglycolamine is similar with monoethanolamine, but diglycolamine has a much lower vapor pressure. Thus, diglycolamine can be used in a more concentrated solution with less solvent flow rate. Therefore, a ccording to the property of individual solvents, graduate students are required to select a diverse combination of solvents with different concentration and to measure their CO2 mass transfer rate with a wetted wall column. The construction of wetted wall column apparatus is described as the follows. The gas–liquid contactor in the center is constructed by a stainless-steel tube. The column is enclosed by a thick cylindrical wall glass and the whole chamber is surrounded by a second glass wall. Water flowing between the two glass walls can be used as a heat transfer medium. The absorbent is pumped into the column and flows down from the top and forms a thin liquid film along the outside surface of the column. Feed gas enters near the base of the chamber, counter-currently contacts with liquid and then exits from the top. During the experiment, the temperature in the chamber needs to be controlled to constant, and inside the reactor pressure is also maintained constant. The ga s concentrations are measured with the non-dispersion infrared sensor continuously. Measurement of CO2 content in the inlet and outlet gas stream provides CO2 partial pressure and CO2 flux between gas and liquid. Other physical properties are analyzed by the different equipment such as density and viscosity is measured by density meter and viscometer respectively. In the process of CO2 absorption, the molar flux of CO2 from the gas stream to the absorbents can be expressed as: (1) In addition, =+ (2) is the gaseous molar flux of CO2. KG is the overall mass transfer coefficient, PCO2 and PCO2* are partial pressure of CO2 in the gas stream and at equilibrium in the liquid respectively. kG and kG’ are gas and liquid mass transfer coefficient respectively. kG is a function of both the physical diffusion of the reactants in the liquid and the effect of the chemical reaction. In addition, the flux can be calculated if the contact area between the gas and the liquid as well as the amount of CO2 absorbed per unit of time is known. The flux can be calculated from equation (3): (3) PCO2,in and PCO2,out are the partial pressure of CO2 in the inlet and outlet of the chambers which can be measured, P is the pressure in the chamber which can be measured by a pressure transducer, Qg is the flow rate of gas at the entrance of the chamber (m3/sec), including the water and solvent in the gas phase. The flow rates of water and solvent in the chamber are calculated with the thermodynamic model. Vm is the molar volume at the experimental conditions (mol/m3) and A is the contact area between the gas and the liquid. Therefore, by measuring the absorption flux at different partial pressures of CO2 and by using equation (1), it is possible to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient KG by plotting the flux as a function of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the chamber. After this part of experiment, we are able to screen some promising mixed solvents and carry out subsequent experiment with them. Work plan 2: evaluate CO2 loading capacity of different mixed solvents (years 3-4) In this section, graduate students need to measure CO2 loading capacity of the left mixed solvent with vapor-liquid equilibrium system. The vapor–liquid equilibrium system includes a CO2 supplier, a reactor, a measuring device that indicates temperature and pressure, and a computer that records CO2 pressure immediately. The reactor is batch reactor with a magnetic stirrer at the bottom to increase the gas–liquid contact area. Equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 in the reactor can be expressed as follows: P*CO2=P*-P0 (4) P* is the equilibrium pressure at the absorption equilibrium and P0 is the initial pressure. The mole of the CO2 entered can be calculated by the ideal gas law as follows: nSCO2= (5) PSi is the initial pressure of supplier. PSt is the pressure of supplier after injection of CO2. VS is the volume of supplier, TS is the temperature of supplier and R is gas constant. The mole of gaseous CO2 in the reactor at equilibrium can also be determined by the ideal gas law. nRCO2= (6) In the above equation, PRi is the initial pressure of reactor. PRt is the pressure of reactor after equilibrium VR, TR are volume of reactor and temperature of reactor, respectively. Eventually, the total amount of absorbed CO2 can be determined by Eq (7). nabsorbedCO2=nSCO2-nRCO2 (7) The loading capacity can be expressed by molar solubility which is the mole of the CO2 absorbed divided by the mole of absorbent: NCO2loading= (8) By comparing CO2 loading capacity, we are able to get rid of some mixed solvents with poor CO2 loading capacity. Then, left mixed solvents are selected for further research. The concentration of mixed solvents is also very important. In order to get the specific concentration at which mixed solvent can work best, wetted wall column experiments and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments are required to conduct repetitively. Work plan 3: Simulation of process (years 4-5) In case, we can obtain suitable mixed solvents from above sections and according to the kinetics study in work plan 1, graduate students will be assigned to simulate the process of CO2 capture pilot plant using chemical absorption method. The simulation is manipulated with Aspen plus Software. The objectives of this work are as follows: Firstly, by carrying out the simulation, we can collect the data of CO2 removal efficiency. Besides, the simulation can help to determine the energy consumption in the CO2 capture pilot plant. Based on these data, we can screen the mixed solvents which can reduce the processing cost. Moreover, the simulation of the process is also an efficient way to evaluate a capture process and to optimize the process in order to reduce the heat, water and electricity consumption. At last, when further research is done such as test the solvent performance in a pilot plant, we can compare the data collected from the pilot plants with simulation data to perform the v erification. 4 Anticipated significance of the work After devoting over five years to this project, we hope to find a better absorbent by developing mixed solvent in CO2 capture technology. This outcome will not only increase the efficiency of the chemical absorption CO2 capture technology but also reduce the energy consumption of this technology. Since the chemical absorption technology is widely used for CO2 capture, the discovery of an innovative solvent will definitely make this technology more competitive. 5 Training for graduate students and researchers This project will develop graduate students’ skills of carrying out wetted water column and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments as well as the ability to calculate mass transfer rate and CO2 loading capacity. In addition, graduate students will also obtain the skills of processing and analyzing data. This project also requires students have skills of using software related to chemical engineering such as Aspen plus. The working experience on the project will provide students ability of performing multi-task, creativity, critical thinking ability, detail-oriented characteristic. The ability will be significantly helpful for their future career and will make them competitive among peers. Reference [1] Jinzhao Liu. Study on mass transfer and kinetics of CO2 absorption into aqueous ammonia and piperazine blended solutions [J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 75: 298-308. [2] Hendy Thee, Yohanes A. Suryaputradinata, Kathryn A. A kinetic and process modeling study of CO2 capture with MEA-promoted potassium carbonate solutions [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 210: 271-279. [3] Victor Darde. CO2 capture using aqueous ammonia: kinetic study and process simulation [J]. ScienceDirect, 2011,4: 1443-1450. [4] Dey A, Aroonwilas A. CO2 absorption into MEA-AMP blend: mass transfer and absorber height index. Energy Procedia 2009. [5] Mondal MK. Solubility of carbon dioxide in an aqueous blend of diethanolamine and piperazine. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data 2009;54: 2381e5. [6] Lepaumier H, Martin S, Picq D, Delfort B, Carrette PL. New amines for CO2 capture III, effect of alkyl chain length between amine functions on polyamines degradation. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 2010; 49:4553e60. [7] Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Post-combustion CO2 capture technology [8] Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh. Reduction of CO2 capture plant energy requirement by selecting a suitable solvent and analyzing the operating parameters [J]. Energy Research, 2012, 37: 973-981.

On the Maintenance of a Small Business Essay

Creative Cuisine Concepts is a small business run by Sharon F. Johnson, employing twenty five staff members, and serving fifteen hundred meals at one of the cafeterias of America Hondo Motor Co. The company was going through severe financial trouble with its mounting debt, inability to make payments to vendors, and mismanagement of financial accounts. Johnson’s business partner left the company, and so she had to cash out her 401(k) retirement savings to save her small business. She also had to borrow money from the small inheritance of her husband so as to maintain her business. Nevertheless, the small business remained in financial trouble. This was before Johnson was advised by her mentor at American Honda to seek help for the financial statements of her small business. Subsequently, the lady hired an accountant for her business and opted for an accounting software program in place of the paper-based system. She also began to take a training course, sponsored by the Los Angeles chapter of the National Assn. of Women Business Owners, to improve her business and leadership skills. Johnson’s failing company began to recover soon after. She expects her business to breakeven in the near future. With the results that she has achieved thus far, she has additionally planned to grow her business from $1. 5 million to $50 million in revenue (Zwahlen). Zwahlen’s article, â€Å"Recovering from Financial Turmoil† about Creative Cuisine Concepts, describes many of the challenges faced by small businesses that are mentioned in the textbook. When Johnson’s business partner left the company, she became a sole proprietor of Creative Cuisine Concepts facing personal financial liability for all business debts. Moreover, the textbook mentions that the owners of small businesses have to be rather creative so as to maintain their businesses in the face of trials, such as mismanagement and cash flow problem. Johnson had to be rather innovative to save her business from the turmoil that it faced. She had to borrow from her husband’s inheritance, and cash out her retirement savings plan. Also according to the textbook, this is the usual route taken by the owners of small businesses who must use up their personal funds to maintain their companies. As compared to public companies, it is difficult for privately owned businesses to raise funds. Lastly, the textbook mentions management problems at small businesses that do not have the funds to hire a large number of competent people. Johnson had to take a business and leadership course to enhance her skills. The course was sponsored by an association of business women, who are known to head a large number of small businesses in the United States, according to the textbook. In my opinion, Johnson should also approach the Small Business Administration (SBA) to help her business meet its new goal of raising $50 million in revenue. As a matter of fact, the owner of the small business should have approached the SBA at the time her business was going through severe financial trouble. SBA could have provided her with a guarantee for a small business loan from a bank or private lender. It could also have helped her obtain a microloan. Furthermore, there are Small Business Investment Companies that Johnson could have approached. Although her creativity to gather the much-needed funds, apart from her motivation to gain new skills and put a new financial system into place must be applauded – the assistance of SBA could have saved her from the worries that she faced.

Intercultural communication with the peterson family Essay

After a year of living with my brother, I moved in to live with the Peterson family in Montclair, California. Jason Peterson was a physics professor at the University of California at Berkeley while Mary Peterson was a schoolteacher. Living with the Peterson family made me grapple with the difference between American and Afghan culture. The American way of expressing affection in public and open intimate relationships at first shocked me. Afghans are very personal and private when it comes to displays of affection. Kissing your wife or girlfriend in front of others would be a serious breach of manners. The expression of affection between Jason and Mary when one of them arrived from work used to make me uncomfortable but I eventually got used to it. I still find it truly paradoxical that while Americans openly display affections, the value they accord to privacy and personal space is very high. I could not comprehend why they value privacy when in fact they could not keep intimate shows of affection in private. At first, I would often innocently intrude into the room of Jason to ask something. Or, when he was deep in thought in the living room wrestling with what looked like a work-related task, I would tactlessly start a conversation with him. In situations like those, his reaction would be one of initial shock. Sensing that my act was prompted by my desire to express belonging with the Peterson family, Jason would break into a knowing smile. I knew he could feel my embarrassment, as I did with his own embarrassment for his initial show of displeasure. Becoming aware of the discomfort I caused in those situations, I eventually resolved to keep my distance in those situations and to respect privacy according to American standards. Like most Americans, Mr. Peterson was direct and to the point when discussing matters with his wife. With me, however, he chose to make me learn American social norms through his reaction to what I did or what I was doing. I took cues from his reaction and I was certain that he simply did not want me to feel ashamed of my actuations. After a month, we got to sit down together from time to time. He started asking me about Afghanistan. Being given the chance to share with him the life and cultural practices in Afghanistan seemed to unburden me. Through our conversations, he began to understand me in a different light and I am grateful that those conversations did happen. I also began to understand and accept American culture for what it is. At first, whenever I encountered a seemingly weird American custom from the Afghan viewpoint, I would automatically and mentally scrounge for a similar custom of Afghanistan and attempt to compare them. I eventually realized that this automatic evaluation of American culture that I usually do as some sort of a reflex action is a contributory factor to my resistance to some aspects of American culture and may perhaps even be a hindrance to my assimilation of the host culture. Even if I was close to Mr. Peterson on account of our â€Å"cultural conversations,† I maintained physical and emotional distance from Mrs. Peterson. In hindsight, I also realize that such aloofness on my part did not spring from the fact I did not like her. In fact she was such a very gracious and accommodating lady that sometimes her concern embarrassed me. I still unconsciously carried with me the Afghan notion that another man’s wife or female children are off limits to others. Afghan strictures relating to the marriage bond are much more demanding than those of Americans. Perhaps I was apprehensive that Mr. Peterson would look at my attempts to communicate with his wife from an Afghan standpoint. In this case, I was on the losing end. I could have had a more profound communication level with Mrs. Peterson as I had with her husband if only I did not have such an apprehension at the back of my mind. The American concept of personal space was something that I could not comprehend at all. For Afghans, one’s family extended to almost all relatives unlike the very exclusive nuclear family of Americans. This extends to the use of gadgets and other household items. When my Afghan friends came to visit me in the residence of the Peterson family, some of my Afghan friends unconsciously behaved as though the family that I was with was Afghan. They engaged in horseplay and laughed boisterously which did not sit well with the Petersons, using their reaction as basis. I cautioned my friends who, to my relief, took my admonition seriously. When they all became very quiet on account of my warning, the atmosphere became unbearably silent. The Peterson couple sensed the sudden change of mood and in their embarrassment took pains to make me and my friends feel welcome. Such an event would not have happened if my friends and I had been conscious of the fact that the American concept of family and belonging did not extend to friends and relatives, the way the Afghan concept does.

Essay about Utilitarianism and Happiness - 845 Words

This theory advocates that the actions worth is determined by maximizing utility (pleasure or happiness).it looks at the consequence of an action as to whether the outcome is good to the majority of people affected by it. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is the greatest happiness or greatest felicity principle. There are many types of this theory which include act vs. rule, two level, motive, negative and average vs. total. (Clifford G., John C. 2009) In act utilitarianism, when people have to make choices, they should consider the consequences of each choice and then choose that which will generate much pleasure. The rule utilitarianism looks at the rules of actions which are potential and looks at what would happen if a certain†¦show more content†¦Utility measurement should not be restricted to a nation or a group but to all mankind. It this theory all actions are assessed depending on the outcome they give at the end. A utilitarian acts in such a way that everything he does is towards achieving an outcome which is good for it to be termed moral. Some wars however do not give good results and this is why a pacifist will not advocate for such. These include self-defense and those wars that are toward protecting genocides. The consequentiality prohibitions given against war are contingent for most parts. Utilitarianism view of pacifism is grounded in some rule-utilitarianism. A utilitarian pacifist argues that a rule against war or other sorts of violence will tend to promote the greatest happiness for majority of the people involved. Also this prohibition against violence can give greatest happiness and this takes into account the sentient beings happiness other than humans. From history, war produces more harm than what people view as good. There is one problem however for consequentalists as to whether war could cause more suffering that solving the problem. Utilitarian defenders then say that some of these wars increased pain and suffering. If people will go against wars then, happiness will be the ultimate result. In this theory, killing is justified if it will eventually give happiness in the end. An individual can act the way he wants but should be careful not toShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism And Happiness755 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism has surrounded the view of happiness and ways to endorse it. The thought here is that all individuals look for joy, which is the objective of all individuals. At the point when an individual act is decent, he or she should attempt to achieve the best conceivable measure of happiness which is known as the greatest happiness principle. An individual must continuously deliver happiness, to decrease unhappiness. The theory is entirely centered around the result of an individual s actions;Read MoreUtilitarianism and Happiness945 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism In his book, J.S. Mill attempts to build on Jeremy Benthams original idea of Utilitarianism. His definition of the moral theory is one that is grounded in Benthams original work but also extends to include remarks to criticisms of Utilitarianism. Mill believes that, like Bentham, utility is what is valuable to society. Utility, according to Mill, is the promotion of pleasure or the absence of pain. He defines this as happiness, which is why he refers to utility as the GreatestRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Pursuit Of Happiness1566 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism according to mill is the pursuit of happiness in addition to the â€Å"prevention or mitigation of unhappiness (930). Utilitarianism is focused on maximizing happiness, in the greatest quality and quantity, of all sentient creation. What is ethical is thus determined by the end result towards self and society (amount of happiness) rather than the motive or action. Mill describes that actions are right if they â€Å"tend to produce happiness† (intended pleasure) and wrong if they â€Å"tend to produceRead MoreUtilitarianism, Or The Greatest Happiness Principle1407 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, states that the mo rality of an action should be judged based on the extent to which it produces happiness, or the opposite of happiness—an action is good as long as the result is happiness, and deemed bad if it results in pain. A clearer understanding of what Utilitarianism is can be gained by John Stuart Mill’s characterization of what it is not. He states, â€Å"I believe that the very imperfect notion ordinarily formed of its meaning, is the chiefRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1176 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism John S. Mill describes utilitarianism, also known as â€Å"The greatest happiness principle†, as a philosophical theory of morality. This theory is focused on the end result (a consequential theory) rather than the motive behind it. It argues that the morality of the action is solely dependent on the action’s results. The action is morally ethical as long as it produces the greatest happiness for the majority of people involved. Mill mentions, â€Å"†¦ the greatest happiness principle holdsRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1574 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is best referred to as the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle.† This means that when one considers himself as a utilitarian, he believes it is only right to judge the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences. In other words, â€Å"actions are considered moral when they promote utility and immoral when they promote the reverse† (Nubcaek 2011). T he principle of utility helps to capture an idea of the good is that which produces the greatest benefit, greatest advantage, orRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism: The Greatest Happiness Principle528 Words   |  3 PagesUtilitarianism was first brought up along the nourishing of â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle† introduced by Jeremy Bentham and further developed by John Stuart Mill, who was a follower of Bentham (Sweet, 2013). Based upon its principle, Utilitarianism states that to be good is to generate the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest number. In contrast with rational egoism, Utilitarianism focuses more on maximizing the overall net happiness of the majority. When facing a decision toRead MoreUtilitarianism Essays : The Happiest And Pleasure Of The Most People Not Included The Personal Happiness1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe unsound of utilitarianism The utilitarianism theory is described as the happiest and pleasure of the most people not included the personal happiness. Jeremy Bentham believes there were two masters in this world that are pleasure and pain. On utilitarianism, we should reject pain and found a way to make more people happy no matter what the outcome. Utilitarianism is unsound because of events in history, life conflict, and animal cruelty that occurs in our everyday. All thru history, it has shownRead MoreHappiness And Happiness1736 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept and context: happiness. However, happiness comes with consequences and the utilitarian philosophy will make the decision if it’s morally right or wrong. This is where many types of utilitarian has emerged but the 3 time period will be addressed: Historical utilitarianism, Classical utilitarianism, and Modern utilitarianism. They are very similar but have important miniscule differences in them that separates them from each other but overall share the same concept of happiness. Key words:UtilitarianismRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Utilitarianism954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the ethical belief that the happiness of the greatest number of people is the greatest good. Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill are two philosophers that were leading advocates for the utilitarianism that we study today. In order to understand the basis of utilitarianism, one must know what happiness is. John Stuart Mill defines happiness as the intended pleasure and absence of pain while unhappiness is pain and the privation of pleasure. Utilitarians

Incredible Facts About Interesting Topics for Exploratory Essay

Incredible Facts About Interesting Topics for Exploratory Essay The exploratory essays are usually assigned to the students when there's a demand for them to understand something independently, as opposed to learning it within a conventional way from the teachers. The overarching aim of the exploratory essay isn't to make the targeted audience share your views. Make an effort to concentrate on your strengths and pick interesting topics if it's possible. If you're really trying hard to select a theme or topic, don't hesitate to acquire assistance from professional and affordable reliable essay writing service such as EduBirdie. Interesting Topics for Exploratory Essay - Overview The principal obstruction that's burdensome for nearly all students is the selection of the topic they wish to expound on. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. Therefore, if you'd like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that demands thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological subject of study. At times the students just are not able to cope with the structure and guidelines of any specific essay. You may be certain that you've got a specific plan of your essay in your head, but trusting yourself in this kind of situation isn't the very best idea. Make sure that you've a point at the very beginning as you are going to have to prove it in your assignment. Don't forget you ought to pick out a topic that you haven't invented on your own out of your own emotions only in case you've got no other way out. Or else it might just be lack of time and the ideal approach to fulfill the early deadlines is getting assistance from the expert. The Little-Known Secrets to Interesting Topics for Exploratory Essay Since you can notice, nearly all of the topics mentioned in the aforementioned list focus do not own a definite answer. If you still don't understand what essay topics to write about, have a look at this thought-provoking list there are lots of suggestions to consider and choose. Another helpful suggestion is to get a meaningful and significant topic the student will be willing to work on. You should also think of developing some intriguing topics of your own. Creating an exploratory essay might appear tricky or complicated but in fact it's not if you know the fundamental rules of its composition. Brainstorming will certainly be convenient. It can give you a number of great ideas, so you will be able to choose one that makes you excited more than others do. Use an Exploratory Essay Example as Reference Hiring an expert writing agency to supply original exploratory essay examples is a remarkable way of learning how your assignment ought to be structured. The goal of the expository essay is to expand the info on this issue in a logical method. An exploratory essay is a normal procedure in organizati ons when they're taking a look at a particular issue from various perspectives and attempt to collect as much information on the subject since it's technically possible. Some scholars are confident that such expert essay doesn't persuade the audience in the trustworthiness of the submitted effects. Moreover, you've got to use effective and persuasive words to show the trustworthiness of the investigation. Therefore, if you're requested to draft an exploratory essay in your school, college or university, it's vital to decide on a topic that supplies you with the scope to learn more about the subject vividly and above all learn some helpful lessons while working on the essay. During education for a student, an individual might need to compose an exploratory essay. Many times a student avoids essay writing in their regular path of study. He needs to be so careful when selecting a topic for a good descriptive essay. So now you are aware of how to pick a very good topic for your essay. If this is the case, you could have a great beginning to your expository essay. Pick the one which you liek to compose an ideal expository essay! Examine the list to choose the topic which can help you compose a creative essay for your middle school class. What Does Interesting Topics for Exploratory Essay Mean? The most suitable choice selection is about locating a perfect idea for your exploratory essay writing. Thus, to compose a great essay you must brainstorm all thoughts concerning your life experiences. You as a person who is writing an exploratory essay should broaden your imaginativeness considerably more than that which you usually have. The important consideration to remember is these expository essays are based on facts as opposed to the writer's beliefs or feelings. Proofreading permit you to receive rid of stupid mistakes. In the event you require essay writing assistance from the experienced essayist then Students Assignment Help can supply you best essay writing services. Exploratory essays regularly think about the strengths and weaknesses of various diverse solutions to a perplexing issue. Find relevant and trustworthy sources of information you will use in your essay. Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. Also, it's hugely important that you know how to choose exploratory essay topics for this sort of paper. It is very important to decide on a strong topic for your paper. At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by an individu essay or article, take a good look at it. You can begin with an intriguing anecdote or quote, as long as it's acceptable for the topic available. One of the very first suggestions for your term paper is something very similar to what your friend wrote. Do your best and hunt for relevant sources to wind up with something interesting and suitable. Should you need research paper writing servicesfrom the expert helpers then Students Assignment Help may be a very good choice for it. Exploratory essay is a well-known assignment that's given both in schools and colleges. Be certain you have read assignment carefully! You may always order your ideal essay here. While the majority of the essay types demand the writers to stay objective and utilize evidence to achieve the goal, you begin an exploratory essay without any specific end in mind. You shouldn't overlook the overall structure of your essay. It's also advisable to constantly work to increase your writing style and produce your essay attractive to read and simple to navigate.

Gun Control And The American People - 1236 Words

Gun Control and the American People: Should Gun Control Measures Be Stricter? There have been many highly publicized gun-related incidents, such as the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012, that have renewed that call for even stricter gun control measures for both politicians and members of the media. The push for greater controls on firearms is bad policy with regards to the protection of our rights as U.S. citizens, our safety from those mean us harm, and the maintenance of an important economic market for providing legal firearms for both sport and protection. Rather than making gun ownership harder for law abiding U.S. citizens, we should be more aggressively enforcing the gun-related laws currently in place, while looking for ways to make legal gun ownership less complicated and burdensome. This will help protect the constitutional freedoms of future generations while making us safer now. The Second Amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights established for citizens of the new United States of America. The founding fathers thought that the right to bear arms was so important in the creation and perpetuation of a free nation that they made it second only to the rights of freedom of religion, free speech, freedom of the press and â€Å"the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† as provided for in the First Amendment. (LII). Having won their freedom only eight yearsShow MoreRelatedArgument Paper On Gun Control1354 Words   |  6 PagesPosition Paper on Gun Control While Americans were contemplating gun control proposals in the wake of mass shootings at a Colorado School, another gunman massacred 50 people in a club in Orlando. This incident brought heated political exchanges between President Obama and Trump, the Republican presidential candidate. It is estimated that in 2015 alone, there were more than 351 mass shootings in the United States. This is a worrying trend that should be reversed as soon as possible. SurprisinglyRead MoreGun Control Laws Should Have A Good Middle Balance1569 Words   |  7 PagesWhile some people say it takes away their rights , Gun control is a good thing because Less crimes will be committed by firearms, Gun control is good for everyone s safety , and Countries with stricter gun control has less death by firearms .America has the highest amount of gun related deaths each year in the world. â€Å"In Germany 381, in France 255, in Canada 165 in the United Kingdom 68, in Australia 65, in Japan 39 and in the United States, 11,127† (Moore Michael, 51:15-51:48). Since the UnitedRead MoreThe Highest Amount Of Gun Control Laws1362 Words   |  6 PagesDanzo Research Paper America has the highest amount of gun related deaths each year in the world. â€Å"In Germany 381, in France 255, in Canada 165 in the United Kingdom 68, in Australia 65, in Japan 39 and in the United States, 11,127† (Moore Michael, 51:15-51:48). Since the United States has the highest number of deaths, it is important to have gun-control laws that restrict people from owning dangerous firearms like machine guns. Gun-control laws should support both sides of the debate. Of courseRead MoreGun Control Versus Gun Rights1645 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Gun Control versus Gun Rights Gun control is a controversial topic that is widely discussed in the United States. The call for gun control came during the 1960’s when many famous figures were assassinated. Today Gun Right’s Activist believes we should not infringe on the Second Amendment. While Gun Control Activist believe we should take precautions to protect people from gun violence. The republicans typically are against gun control while democrats are for gun control. Gun control is a hotRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws861 Words   |  4 PagesThe government has the responsibility to protect people. Currently, the gun violence has threatened the American public safety, people used gun to kill many people for their own interests. The United States constitution believes Americans have their own gun to protect themselves. Some people said guns will protect their life easily. Whether, America should have strict gun control laws or not bring about the debate in society. Gun issue is not only a big problem from United States, it’s also aRead MoreGun Control And The United States Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pages Every law-abiding American citizen should have a choice to own a gun, and it should not matter if their reason is for protection, for sport or simply to collect. Gun control is a concern that needs to be one of â€Å"less talk and more action†; in addition, it needs to be an issue where both parts of the Congress join together to find a solution to the growing problem of gun violence in the United States. Furthermore, the American people need to demand action from their state’s senators and representativesRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control994 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social serviceRead MoreGun Control Laws Should Be Legal Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesGun control has been a hot topic in your society recreantly everyone has a different view on gun control. There are two sides to the argument people that are for gun control and people that are against gun control. The media talks about the two biggest factors the National Rifle Association and the Second Amendment the right to bear arms. But the most important question is whether gun-control laws actually reduce gun crimes or murder rates in general. Most people believe that having a fewer numberRead MoreAmerica Needs Gun Control Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesFor years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most contro versial issues in modern American politics. The public debate over guns in the United States is often seen as having two side. Some people passionately assert that the Second Amendment protects an individuals right to own guns while others assert that the Second Amendment does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias. There are many people who insist that the Constitution is a livingRead MoreGuns : The Root Of All Violence?1678 Words   |  7 PagesGUNS: THE ROOT OF ALL VIOLENCE? The United States has fought many wars in its history and continues to fight at home. Although there has not been an actual war in our mainland since the American Civil War of 1861, our longest war has been within our communities and laws, an enduring war against guns and its violence. The noise of gunshots may sound different in a military warzone between nations, radical groups or in a civil war; however, a similar outcome subsists, the loss of lives caused by man

Alasdair Macleans poem Question and answer and Sonnet 43 by Elizabeth Barret Browning Essay Example For Students

Alasdair Macleans poem Question and answer and Sonnet 43 by Elizabeth Barret Browning Essay Love poems can be written in many different ways. Elizabeth Barret Browning. Modern day love poems can be completely different to traditional and old love poems. A modern day love poet is Alasdair Maclean. He has written many modern love poems, such as, Question and Answer, and hes still doing them to this day. Elizabeth Barret Browning is also a love poem writer but all her love poems are traditional and classical as she was a writer in 1850s. She has also written many love poems in her lifetime including, Sonnet 43, which has an idealistic view of love. Alasdair Maclean chose a very short and simple but puzzling title of his love poem, Question and Answer, from this Maclean gives nothing away about the poem. Before you read the poem, theres no link to the theme of the poem which is love. The title isnt emotional just like the poem which is strange as love is an emotion! The poem starts of in direct speech, with the question, Do you love me, which immediately creates questions in our mind, such as, who is talking to who and what type of relationship they have. One thing you can tell straight away is that the relationship is insecure and that the poem is about love. In line three there is another sentence which is even more demanding than the last one, say you love me, this makes the audience wonder what type of person she really is. Does the person saying it give any choice? As he/ she give no choice, it makes them sound rude and demanding. This sentence is also in direct speech but the poem is in direct speech. This means that everything in speech marks is what the speaker was thinking in his mind. This makes the poem very effective as we will be informed of his feelings. Therefore, in the poem, most feelings that are talked about are about one person. There is a sudden change in the poem when Maclean changes the subject from a relationship (love) to a childhood event. When he, was very young, he, saw a rat caught in a trap. This is an example of assonance as the vowel, a, is repeated in rat and trap. It almost sounds as if the speaker thinks its funny. He even remembers the rat, squeling and snapping. The use of onomatopoeia lets us almost hear it as we read it which helps us get a clearer view of the rat trying to escape. Next the speaker says that, the cage was lowered into the water. This sentence is short which refers to the way the rat was killed, which is slowly without giving the rat a chance to escape. The word, lowered, has a long, l, sound which again reflects the death of the rat. The speaker, for the third time, uses a long sentence which mirrors the death of the rat. There is clear imagery when the speaker tells us that, the dead rat clung to the roof. The imagery and the use of strong emotional words like, clung, and, dead, make it seem realistic as it probably was a horrible sight, especially for a young child to see a rat cruelly being killed. The long sentence is a snapshot moment of the speakers life when, he, was very young. Its a snapshot moment of his life because its full of lots of descriptive words and its one of his memories. The subject then suddenly changes for the second time from the rat story to his relationship. Its obvious the speaker is comparing the rat in the cage with him, he feels trapped just like the rat. .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 , .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .postImageUrl , .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 , .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:hover , .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:visited , .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:active { border:0!important; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:active , .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494 .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6d9040a1736a35ce30e232797a7f5494:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Investigating the grammatical features of a child EssaySomeone else in the poem, unknown to the reader, asks the speaker demanding question about his love to her which makes him feel this way. We find out that he doesnt express his feelings to the other person though. He tells us this when he mentions that, all this I say to myself. Nearer to the end of the poem, he reveals to the reader that he does reply to the other person that he loves, her but he sounds as if he had been forced to say it because he says it, sullenly but truthfully. He sounds like hes been forced to say it because he says it in an almost rehearsed, rude way, the words you want to hear. It has that rhy thmic beat to it. She then turns her back for sleep. It makes the reader wonder if she believed him because he says she is only, satisfied. It didnt seem as he wanted to say it. In the final sentence, the speaker fully expresses how his lover has made him feel. He tells us he feels like the rat, feeling the taste of the wire. To the audience, the speaker seems to be a very sensitive and sad person. It sounds as if he over exaggerated his feelings, how can you feel so trapped and left in the darkness by someone asking a question? He even mentions that he feels, the cold water flow over, him. Its a very sad and gruesome ending and it leaves us with many unanswered questions about their relationship. I think that Maclean wanted us, the audience, to realise that love cant be taken and if it does, then it wont work out. So he gave us an example of what would happen when someone tries to take it; you feel trapped. Therefore indirectly, he is giving us a message that love should be given, not taken. The theme of the poem is lobe although there isnt any secure lobe in the poem, it teaches us about love. As Alasdair Maclean is a modern day poet (still alive now), who knows that this type of thing, someone trying to take someone other person love happens quite often these days. Browning also starts of her poem with a question just like Maclean but unlike MacLeans poem, the audience notice straight away that her poem is about the love (it has a love theme). In the second line, she exclaims that she will, count the ways, in which she loves her husband. This sonnet is about her lobe to her husband so we know who she is talking to whereas in MacLeans poem, it is not clear who he is talking to. The immediate response to most readers would be that this is a boring poem which just lists the way someone loves someone else. But the poem is not like that, Browning writes in such a way that it doesnt sound like a simple list. You have to find the inner meaning of each sentence to find the inner meaning of each sentence to find a reason for her love. As love cannot be measured in numbers, she cleverly states that she loves her husband, to the depth and breadth and height, her, soul can reach. She gives her lobe 3 dimensions which makes her love seem intense. She emphasis the point of her love more by splitting each word with the word, and, instead of using commas. She did this as it makes the sentence even longer increasing her love to him. Maclean doesnt tell us any reason why he loves his lover although he does admit he loves her. In MacLeans poem, the speaker is having his love taken from him whereas the speaker in this poem (Browning) is giving her love. For the second time, Browning gives us a measurement of her love when she says she loves him to the height, her soul can reach. .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b , .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .postImageUrl , .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b , .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:hover , .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:visited , .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:active { border:0!important; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:active , .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75d7139bd2207948b0b4a9f40306309b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and Contrast the way in which the poets of 'Funeral Blues' and 'First Love' portray their experiences of love EssayThis could also mean that she has some religious belief. In the next line theres another sense of religiousness when she mentions, ideal grace, as it refers to God. She even lets us know that she cant live without him, when she states that he is her, most quiet need. It also makes her seem strongly attracted to him from all the reasons so far, including this one. Next, theres another piece of evidence which shows that Browning is giving her love. She loves him, purely, so that must mean she has no obligations to her love and that its pure love. To back up the point that she loves him, purely, she tells us that she loves him with her, childhood faith. She is comparing her love she has to him with the belief a small child has because they have strong beliefs and they require no proof for them. In, Question and Answer the speaker also refers his feelings to a childhood event, but in a depressing and negative way. The last sentence stands out in this poem, just like in, Question and Answer. In this poem Browning claims that she will love him, better after death. It could mean that she will keep loving him more and more as the days go on. It makes the audience think that her love is eternal. It could also be interpreted as, yet another religious belief. On the other hand, Maclean completes his poem horribly and sadly about his feelings. It also leaves us with many unanswered questions, whereas Brownings poem assures us with no doubts that, she loves him truly. I think that the one main difference between the two poems is the type of love. Browning loves her husband, freely, and the speaker in Macleans poem is being forced to love someone. I think the message Browning wanted to get across to us is that love should always be given and not taken or expected back. I think this because she never talks about what her husband thinks about her. She also shows that there can be no limit to how much you can love someone, so she may have wanted us to know that. So people who read any one of these poems, get the same messages and thoughts. Love should be given, not forced to give or taken. I therefore think that the theme of love is explored in opposite ways although it seems like both poets are trying to give us the same message. The first one is more like a story, telling us what will happen if you take love and the other one tells us what its like when you do the opposite. I learnt that you should never take love from someone as it is a very special feeling therefore it should be given. From the first poem I realised how it can make you feel if your love is taken from you. From the second poem (Brownings), I found out what it feels like for the person that is giving the love to someone else. Browning seemed extremely happy giving her love to her husband.